Tughlaq Dynasty : Delhi Sultanate

 

3) Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414)

• 1.     Ghazi Malik (Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq) [1320-1325]:-
• Ghazi Malik successfully rebelled in Dipalpur area; he killed Khusrau Khan & became the Sultan of Delhi. 
• He was the founder of Tughlaq Dynasty.

• 2.     Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (1325-1351):- 
• He was most educated Sultan of Delhi. But his most of the policies were unsuccessful. 
• He shifted his capital to Devagiri (Daulatabaad) to stop rebellion in South part; but it was unsuccessful policy. 
• He introduced Token Currency using copper. But that experiment was failed, and the royal treasure became empty, to solve this problem he started double tax in Doab area, but the farmers of Doab started rebellion. He also introduced taccavi loan for farmers.
• Revolt against him caused the establishment of Madhurai sultanate, vijaynagar empire and bahamani kingdom. 
• He died in 1351 AD.

• 3.     Firozshah Tughlaq [1352-1388]:- 
• Firozshah knew that Muhammad Bin Tughlaq lost his South Empire, so he tried to secure his North Kingdom. 
• Firozshah followed the advice of ulemas.
• Administrative reforms -
• He created many policies according to Islam. He created Jiziya Tax as well as irrigation tax (water tax). He also made irrigation canals. He developed factories (karkhanas) & used slaves to work in it. He was intolerant towards Shias.

• Monuments :-

Jama Maszid

Repaired Qutub Minar

   Firozshah died in 1388. The Successors of Firozshah was not so strong. After the death of Chingez Khan, the Mongol empire was divided in different parts. So India was safe from Mongols for long time. After then Taimur united Mongol Empire again and invaded into the India in 1399. Taimur spread his empire in India and plundered Delhi. He went back and appointed Khizr Khan as a governor in Multan part of India.